This work primarily focuses on the Jewish men and women— merchants, adventurers, and combatants—who arrived in Texas between 1830 and 1845. Early historians of Jews in Texas, such as Rabbi Henry Cohen of Galveston, identified Jewish men in their works but did not provide documentation to support their claims. Because their works lacked extensive documentation, the men’s Jewish identity remains questionable. This essay, then, attempts to either prove or disprove the assertion that they were Jewish. After providing information to support a decision, it will expand the story about these Jewish men and women and their lives in Texas. It will also argue that the Jewish men who ventured into Mexican and Republic-era Texas were not irrelevant to Texas Jewish history; in fact, they were important trailblazers on the frontier and filled similar positions as Jews who settled on frontiers in earlier times. All these settlers were seen as “’pioneers’” and created a “Western Jewish identity.” Some might not have been observant Jews, but after validating their Jewish connections, they should still be regarded as Jews. This essay does not, however, focus on men and women who have been studied in previous works.